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Machine vision inspection equipment means using an automated system to replace human visual inspection. Some systems do this using photoeyes. For example to detect a missing cap, label or other component. In general when we speak of machine vision, we mean camera based inspection equipment. These take a picture of the element of interest then process the image in a computer to determine whether the element is within specification.

机器视觉检查设备除检查外还用于其他操作，但本文仅专注万博体育官方客户端下载于检查用途。

Common elements inspected include missing components, presence and correctness of lot and date codes, label skew, cracked glass and much more.

Most machine vision systems inspect 2 dimensionally, meaning they can only see what is on the surface, They cannot detect, for example, a tablet with the back half missing. Several companies in recent years have begun offering 3D vision systems that may be useful in these applications. It is still a new technology with limited applications so this whitepaper will focus on 2D systems.

DOWNLOAD THE FULL WHITE PAPER HERE:DOWNLOAD PDF

Metal can get into your product at many points in the process. It may come with the raw material, it may be a screw or nut on a filling machine, it can be chips caused by maladjusted mixing blade making contact with each other. The customer doesn’t care where it came from, they just do not want it in the product.

Inline metal detectors can detect ferrous and non-ferrous metal in your product at particle sizes down to 1mm and smaller depending on product and application.

Metal detectors come in various configurations. One common configuration is show where the detector is mounted on a conveyor. Metal detectors can also be mounted vertically, for example on the infeed to a vertical form-fill-seal bagging machine. The detector is mounted between the filler discharge and the forming chute. Product being fed to the bag passes through the metal detector. If metal is detected, the bag is rejected.

金属探测器也可用于内联液体检查。金属探测器围绕一部分管道建造。如果检测到金属，则垃圾阀将打开将产品转移到排水的地方。

操作原理很简单。金属探测器由3个线圈组成，该线圈包裹在孔中，产品通过该孔。有一个发射器线圈和2个接收器线圈。2个接收器线圈是平衡的，因此在不存在金属的情况下，它们相互平衡。接收器的金属破坏。检测器以电子方式识别这种不平衡，并触发拒绝信号以拒绝该产品。

Sensitivity of metal detectors is, in part, a function of the aperture size. The bigger the aperture, the less sensitive they will be. For best results metal detectors should be sized as small as possible while still allowing free flow of product.

Metal detectors detect all metal passing through them. The foil security lining on a bottle cap. Foil wrapping will trigger them. One area to note is the conveyor. Conveyors passing through a metal detector must be non-metallic. Most chain conveyors use metal pins to connect the links. Chains with non-metallic links are are available. If a belt conveyor is used, vulcanized splices are recommended. If this is not possible, be sure to use a plastic splice to avoid triggering the detector.

金属化的塑料袋可能会通过某些系统引起虚假检测，尽管它们在许多较新的系统中可能还不错。计划运行金属袋时，请务必事先与检测器供应商联系，以确保不会引起问题。

消费者有权安全产品,免费的contamination. Producers have an obligation to provide it to them. Ideally, packaging and processing lines should be designed, validated and operated so that they cannot produce a defect product. Inline inspection verifies that they do not. Metal detectors are a valuable tool in the quality toolbox.

检查员, as their name says check the weight of packages. This is useful for verifying the proper amount of product in the package, the proper number of finished packages in a sealed case or for determining the weight of variable packages such as trays of chicken parts. They can even be used to calculate things like shipping charges on random packages.

Most checkweighers are gross checkweighers. They only weigh the finished package. If a bottle is supposed to contain 12 ounces of candy, the total weight of the package might be 14 ounces including bottle and cap. The assumption is that the weight of the bottle and cap is constant and, if the gross weight is 14 ounces, the net weight will be 12 ounces.

This may not be good enough for some applications. An expensive product my require a high degree of precision. If the product is in a glass bottle, the bottle weight may vary more than the permissible variation in fill. The solution for this is net checkweighing. This requires 2 checkweighers. The first weighs the empty bottle and records the tare weight. After filling the bottle is reweighed, the tare subtracted and the net weight verified.

The typical checkweigher weighs the package in motion and consists of 3 conveyors, though sometimes only 2 are used. The infeed conveyor is used to time the package onto the weighing conveyor and assure that only one package is weighed at a time. The weighing conveyor, sometimes a pair of side gripping belts, is mounted on a load cell. As the package crosses the conveyor, the weight is taken, verified, and recorded. The third, discharge conveyor, rejects the over/underweight package.

大多数检查员都有5个重量区域。中心区域是理想的重量范围。接下来的2个区域低和高重量，但仍在规格之内。这可以用来触发警报，但通常不会拒绝。最后，有高和低拒绝区域。这些区域中落入这些区域的产品不合规，被拒绝。一些检查员有两种拒绝机制，可以分离和体重不足。其他人则将所有规格软件包拒绝到同一垃圾箱中。

一些应用程序,鸡肉部分,托运人s in a distribution center are two examples, do not classify packages as in or out of spec. Rather, they weigh the package and use this information to print a label with the package weight. In some instances, they may calculate the price and print that as well.

其他应用程序可以使用检查器自动调整填充量保持目标重量。

无论该应用程序如何，检查员都会显示并记录所有软件包的重量。

大多数检查员还可以执行基本报告，例如高和低权重，平均权重，拒绝数量和其他统计功能。

Whatever your process, whatever your package, you need inline, 100% verification to assure the perfect product ships to your customer. Checkweighers from Frain help make sure you achieve that.

基于相机的视力检查系统通常用于检测产品污染。他们的主要限制是他们只能检查相机可以看到的内容。金属探测器通常用于检测非常小的金属芯片或颗粒。非常常见且有用的检查工具，但无法检测到金属以外的任何东西

But what do you do when you want to detect bone fragments in a hamburger patty or mix or glass chips in mayonnaise? Both hamburger and mayonnaise are so no camera can “see” any contamination. Glass and bone are non-metallic so they won’t be picked up by a metal detector.

X射线检查是答案。

视觉检查系统通过拍摄产品的照片然后分析异常图像来起作用。系统有多个组件，但最重要的两个是照明和图像处理。

X-rays can be thought of as analogous to light. A burst of x-ray is passed through the product onto a receptive surface on the other side. This used to be a photographic film but is now a digital media which allows instant, computerized analysis. Passage of the x-ray is partially blocked by areas of higher density in the product. Blockage is proportional to the density so that a bone chip will show up on the media as a dark spot. The hamburger or mayonnaise, of lesser density will show up on the media as a lighter color.

将图像捕获到数字媒体中后，处理器分析其寻找以及不同密度的分级区域。如果它检测到比预设水平深的区域，它会触发拒绝信号，使该产品从生产线上踢出。

We’ve been conditioned to think of x-rays as dangerous to be around. Like any industrial machine, x-ray inspection machines can be dangerous if not handled properly. If handled properly, they are no more dangerous than any other machine. Do not let unfounded fears prevent you from adding this valuable tool to your line.